The heating system is an urgent necessity for the safe operation of any building during the winter. By the degree prevalence confidently the leading position is kept by heating systems with "water circuits" - with the circulation of the coolant through the pipes. However, for such a scheme to work smoothly, necessarily needs preliminary and periodic preventive and control measures that will help to confirm the normal operation of the system when its initial startup, or identify problem areas after expired period its operation.
Act of crimping the heating system
Act crimping heating system is made after the hydraulic tests that determine the availability of installed circuits and all installed equipment.
Download the heating system pressure test certificate - a sample.
What is crimping, and when its hold?
Contents of the article
- 1 What is crimping, and when is it carried out?
- 1.1 Video: what is crimping the heating system at home
- 2 sequence works
- 3 pre-wash importance pipes
- 3.1 Methods
- 4 system flushing Carrying gidropnevmoispytany
- 5 Act crimping
- 5.1 How much does testing crimping
- 5.2 Video: how to perform crimping collector systemheating in the house
The crimping is called the complete ks pr of the verification measures, which are guaranteed to determinethe temperature of the heating system. Carrying out of these tests is necessary in the following cases:
- After the initial installation - is completely completed when the house heating system is put into operation.
- Before the start of the heating season has long been installed system.
- After carrying out repair or maintenance work on pipelines heating system.
- When carrying out repairs to certain parts of the system, after emergencies, such as breakthrough pipes - to identify the "front of work" and the weakest areas - for possible replacement.
Pressurization is carried out by injection into the heating system of air or water under high pressure by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic pump. At the same time, the places where the tightness of the joints are broken are identified, that is, the leakage of air or water to the outside is detected. In fact, the artificial way simulates the situation of critical loads on the heating system, for example, the emergence of a powerful hydraulic shock in it.
Crimping - mandatory test procedure for the heating system
During these events, undamaged parts of the system with the required safety factor, in no way will not be affected. But weaknesses, for example, exhausted by long-term operation of pipes or poorly assembled, leaky "packaged" junctions, when fed into the system, high pressure will immediately manifest themselves.
An autonomous heating system installed in the apartment of a multi-storey building is recommended in some cases to be checked by a compressor using the pneumatic pressure test , in order to avoid water leakage to the lower floors.
Video: why do you need crimping of the heating system at home
Sequence of works
In carrying out the work, it is necessary to take into account the specific features of the existing heating system in order to determine correctly what pressure the can be applied during the crimping .These parameters include:
- the type of wiring of the heating system.
- characteristics of existing pipes, that is, their age, wall thickness, the material from which they are made;
- number of floors in the building;
- characteristics of stop valves.
After the basic parameters of the have been clarified, it is possible to proceed with the basic control and verification activities, which in total include:
- preparation of equipment;
- drain of the old coolant to be replaced;
- pumping test fluid and creating the necessary pressure in the heating system;
- final flushing, filling the system with a standard coolant;
- drawing up of the necessary documents about carried out by works.
If during the listed stages damaged parts of the system are found, then it will be necessary to stop the tests and begin to eliminate the identified flaws. After repairing and sealing the of the failed tests of the plots, the complex of pressure testing events is held anew. If after this damage is not detected, then the system is considered to be serviceable, successfully passed the test procedures.
Importance of pre-flushing pipes
Starting the flushing activities and crimping heating system, first it is necessary to disconnect its from the water supply and remove the coolant.
Before testing the on systems that have already been in operation for a certain period of time, it is recommended to flush the heating circuit pipes. This operation can be performed in different ways, but the main of its goal is to clean the internal surfaces of the pipes from the accreted heating system of scale, rust, salt and other deposits.
Surprisingly, even thin growths, not more than 1 - 1,5 mm, already reduce the effective heat dissipation of heating devices by almost 15%.In addition, they reduce the through-flow diameter tri ub, slowing the circulation of the coolant, significantly increasing the unnecessary load on the pine equipment, for heating boilers - all this gives the a very significant over-expenditure of energy carriers, affecting the economy of the heating system of the house. Therefore, they must be regularly removed, otherwise the imbalance of the heating system will affect the purse of home owners or at the level of comfort in the premises. For example, batteries can warm up unevenly, as some of their sections of the coolant can not get due to the formed scale.
Is not it a terrible picture of outgrowths in the pipes before cleaning?
In addition, the deposits in the pipes over time eat out the metal, exuding the walls, making them vulnerable to high pressure, since in the scale can be oxides of copper, calcium, zinc, magnesium or sulfur. Conduct crimping untreated pipe - little use, because the "purity of the experiment" will simply not be.
Electric compressor
Flushing and cleaning can be done with an electric or manual compressor. In the preventive maintenance of , its is performed periodically, usually every 4 ÷ 6 years of operation of the system.
Hand pump for testing and rinsing
Washing methods for the
system Flushing is carried out in a number of ways and with a variety of means:
- - pneumatic shock This method consists in using for testing a kind of "shock wave", which facilitates the detachment of the plaque , accumulated on the inner surface of the pipes. After carrying out this procedure , scuffing is easily washed out by the washing performed after the air blow.
- Hydrochemical washing using special chemicals is used to dissolve and remove salt deposits. However, it should be used in combination with other methods, as it is not effective for removing the system of silty sediments that usually accumulate in the lower sections of the .
- Pneumohydraulic method or bubbling is a complex influence on internal deposits on pipes, when the is supplied with simultaneously with pressurized running water and compressed air. This method helps very quickly and effectively to clean the pipe from all layers.
- Integrated flushing includes all of the products listed above and is most effective, especially if it is heavily soiled or when the pipe diameter is small.
Conducting hydropneumatic tests
Typically, the flushing and control crimping is performed immediately by the after the completion of the heating season. This allows you to identify the flaws in and the beforehand, and the remains for a long time - the entire summer season, for ongoing or major repairs. And that the system was completely ready for the beginning of the next heating season, its still once beforehand test after filling with the coolant in the fall.
So, if you represent the whole process, it goes in the following order:
- After the of the heating season( in the middle or the end of April), you immediately check the status of the shut-off valve, elevator and heat hubs, as well as risers, ifThe work is carried out in multi-storey buildings.
- Further, a preventive flushing of the riser pipes is carried out, which will cleanse the feces that have gathered during the season. Of course, no leakage of
- is allowed. Then, a revision is made for leaks of all the nodes and other elements of the heating system, which must be immediately eliminated, in order to avoid more serious accident, which can occur at the beginning of the nextheating season.
- It is absolutely necessary to control the thermal insulation of pipes in open areas and in basements.
- After the preparation of the system in the manner described above, the test activities can be carried out immediately, not the while waiting for the approaching the heating season. The system tested and filled with the standard coolant system will be calmly ready for the autumn launch, because the pressure under which the was pressurized by the is much higher than the operating pressure, and , , its leakproofness is fully tested.
Actually, the tests themselves are carried out as follows:
- comes filling the system with a coolant;
A manual compressor connected to the
system - further, a manual or electric press is connected to the system and the pressure rises to the level of the test press, in accordance with SNiP , Rules for the operation of power installations, sanitary regulations and instructions.
The test pressure is injected by means of special equipment - manual or electrified pumps with built-in instrumentation.
The manometer must meet the specific requirements of
For example, to monitor the pressure level created, use the manomame with the ACC number without the ACCESS below 1 . 5, with a case diameter of at least 160 mm, the division cost is not more than 0.1 kgf / cm²( 0,1 "technical atmosphere" or 0,01 mPA ).The maximum value of the instrument scale should be not lower than 4/3 of the test pressure. The pressure gauge shall be verified accordingly and sealed by an authorized metrological state organization.
What should be the test pressure values:
- The pressure test of the central heating pipe to the house after installation should be carried out under test pressure not less than 16 kgf / cm²( 1,6 mPA ).In this case no pressure drop should be detected during the 5 minutes of the test. For = the pressure is reduced to the working pressure, and in this state a thorough osmosis is carried out all ex assemblies, joints, branches, shut-off or regulating reinforcement .The test will be considered successful if there is no evidence of a breakthrough, leakage , fogging on stuffing boxes or flanges and .
When testing crimping inter-house heating wiring proceed from the fact that when starting a new system, usually apply pressure, one and a half to two times higher than the working one. If the heating system already tested by the operation is subjected to a check, then a pressure increase of 25 - 50 % will suffice.
The specific value of the test pressure depends to a large extent on the instruments installed in the heating system. For convenience, these figures can be cited in the table:
| Types of systems, types of installed equipment | Test pressure for crimping( kgf / cm ²) |
|---|---|
| Water heating systems for heating and hot water systems, air heaters, elevator units | At the rate of 1.25 per workerpressure, but not lower than 10 kgf / cm ² |
| Heating systems for multi-storey houses with installed cast iron radiators or heating registers | At the rate of 1.25 of working pressure, but not more than 6 kgf / cm ² |
| Siste | At least 10 kgf / cm ² |
| Hot water circuit contours | Based on the working pressure plus 5 kgf / cm², but not more than 10 kgf / cm² |
the water temperature in the system when carrying out a check not should and exceed 40 - 45 ° C .Never carry out crimping in the event that there is a possibility of lowering the air temperature in rooms to negative temperatures. Before the pressure is injected, all necessary operations are carried out to remove air plugs and complete air release from the entire system.
Pressurization of the system
The heating system will be considered to have successfully passed the test test if the following requirements are met:
- With water or steam heating systems, the pressure drop for 5 minutes of the test did not exceed 0.2 kgf / cm²( 0,02 mPa).
- If panel heat exchangers are used, the pressure drop within 15 minutes of crimping should not decrease by more than 0.1 kgf / cm²( 0,01 mPA ).
- If the system of hot water supply is outlined, then the acceptable pressure drop is up to 0.5 kgf / cm²( 0,05 mPa ) for 10 minutes.
- In all cases, any cases of leakage, wetting( fogging) on welds or in joints, shut-off or control valves should be completely excluded.
The reduction of any pressure indicators is more than permissible - this is a direct sign that there is a leak in the system, which must be identified and eliminated. All heaters, without exception, are inspected, the and connectors .Special attention is always paid to particularly complex, hidden areas - for example, falling on the transitions between floors, walled up or filled with screeds.
After the completion of the repair work on the identified leakage areas, the hydraulic tests are carried out again - in the full volume . So will continue until the system can withstand crimp check for all parameters. After that, the pressure of the coolant drops to the working one, and one can proceed to the preparation and certification of the certificate of tests.
Act crimping
Measures for testing by crimping are carried out by authorized specialized organizations for maintenance of heating systems that control the site on which the residential building is located. In the apartment houses , the is pressurized by the specialists of the corresponding services that carry out maintenance of this area of public utilities.
Example of the form of the certificate of the crimping of the heating system
Owners of private houses must apply for testing activities in the district offices of organizations involved in heat supply or in private companies. Qualified specialists, whose qualifications are confirmed by the documents on admission to similar works, having special equipment and possessing the skills of working with it, will conduct all the necessary stages of verification.
But even if the work is done on its own, "at your own peril and risk," all , after their completion, it will be necessary to carry out a control test in the presence of the inspector of crimp .
The form of the certificate must be with the master, which was engaged in the performance of these works, or the inspector, which will take them.
The document itself must include the following data:
- The length of and the name( detailed description) of the site or system where was carried out works .
- Tools and control and verification equipment, through which the test activities were carried out.
- Parameters of the generated pressure and duration of crimping .
- Indications of instruments obtained as a result of tests.
- At the end of the act of the signature , of the receiver of the representative of the organization conducting crimping , and also the number of the personal certificate of the responsible specialist are put.
If the works are carried out in apartment buildings, then the communal services are responsible for their performance.
If it is necessary to conduct tests in a private house, the responsibility for carrying out these procedures rests with the owner of the building.
Since the certificate of crimping is an important legal document that indicates that the heating system is serviceable and ready for operation, it is necessary to check the accuracy and correctness of its filling. The data should be located in the lines intended for them, the records should not have corrections and blots.
The act of crimping can become an exculpatory document, in the event of an emergency, but it can also serve as proof of the fault of the organization that carried out the work , which will allow receiving insurance compensation to the owner of the building.
In addition to the test report, the water utility inspector must check the water on the rigidity of the .The coolant sample is taken from the heating system cock and sent to the laboratory for analysis for the content of calcium and magnesium salts in the .The norm of this indicator is 75 - 96 units. If, according to these parameters, the water taken for the sample corresponds, it is considered that the heating system is ready for operation.
How much does the testing of take place by crimping
? After the is crimped, compiles an estimate, in of which the lists all the performed activities, then the total cost of the work is then calculated from .It is very difficult to talk about any particular amount, since the spread in this matter is huge. This depends both on from region, and on t pricing policy of a specific organization, and on its equipped with technique and staffing with qualified personnel. In addition to these, probably for the most part - subjective causes , there is still and a number of other parameters that predetermine the value of total costs:
- The volume of work.
It depends on the number of rooms in the house and the total length and of the branching of the heating system. The more rooms, the higher the cost of work.
- The status of the heating system.
If it is new, or the previous crimping was carried out relatively recently, say, a year ago, the cost of work will be lower than when cleaning and checking the old system, which was last prevented maintenance 4 ÷ 5 years ago.
- Number of identified defects and damages, volume of and complexity of repair and recovery works.
If the crimping was found to have defects in the parts or damage to the pipes that require replacement or repair, these problems are eliminated by the master, and the cost of these works is also included in the estimate. In addition, will require the and repeated tests.
Out of the total price for all the performed activities, the total cost of the crimping is formed.
Video: how is carried out crimping heating system in house
To ensure that the heating system of the house has served a long time and efficiently coped with its direct functional duties without delivering x x to owners, without its crimping is indispensable. If autonomous heating is installed in a private house, the processes for its regular cleaning with subsequent testing are simply necessary, since they will not only keep the pipes in a working condition for a long time, but also save on fuel. A system cleared of scale and dirt where the gives the greater heat output than the one that has overgrown the scum.
It is recommended to always trust the conduct of such preventive and auditing activities to specialists who will perform the entire complex of tasks professionally, will immediately compile and provide the owners with the necessary documents.
Download the heating system pressure test certificate - a sample.
